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The Urgent and the Non-Repeatable Actions
Tomášek, Marek ; Mulák, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
1 The Urgent and the Non-Repeatable Actions Abstract Urgent and non-repeatable actions are a special group of procedural actions of authorities involved in criminal proceedings. The criminal code provides a precise definition of urgent and non-repeatable actions, but in layman's terms, an urgent action must be carried out before the initiation of criminal prosecution, because otherwise it will lose its evidentiary value, and a non-repeatable action cannot be repeated in court proceedings. There is no exhaustive (enumerative) list that would determine which action is urgent or non-repeatable. The urgency and non-repeatability of an action are therefore always determined in each case according to the factual circumstances and relation to a specific person within the framework of application practice, even though judicial decision-making practice provides guidelines for such an assessment. Pre-trial criminal proceedings can be divided into two parts, the part before the initiation of criminal prosecution and the part after the initiation of criminal prosecution. From point of view of the authorities involved in criminal proceedings, the most essential feature of urgent and non- repeatable actions is that they can be carried out even before the initiation of criminal prosecution and the evidence obtained by...
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Urgent and non-repeatable actions
Jandurová, Kateřina ; Tejnská, Katarína (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
Urgent and non-repeatable actions Abstract The graduation thesis focuses on the ambivalent institute of urgent and non-repeatable actions, which combines two contradictory requirements. On the one hand, a balance needs to be struck between the demand to protect the state, society and the legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities and to ensure a fair trial for the person against whom criminal proceedings are being conducted, on the other. The purpose of the urgent and non-repeatable actions is to enable the authorities involved in criminal proceedings to secure perishable evidence, even at the cost of infringing the rights of the defense. However, this distortion should be compensated to the defense by providing increased protection and furthermore, urgent and non-repeatable actions should be performed only when the legal conditions are fulfilled. The main goal of the thesis is a comprehensive analysis of urgent and non-repeatable actions in the sense of the Code of Criminal Procedure and higlihgting controversial issues and problems that arise in practice. The graduation thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of urgent and non-repeatable actions. Chapter 1 is subdivided into two parts. Part 1 describes the historical development of urgent and...
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Urgent and unrepeatable acts
Kučera, Petr ; Tejnská, Katarína (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
and keywords Urgent and unrepeatable acts Urgent and unrepeatable acts are procedural acts of criminal proceedings in which there is a conflict between the rights of the defense with the purpose of criminal proceedings consisting in the lawful determination of the circumstances of the commission of a crime and in the fair punishment of its perpetrator. This conflict is tolerated because urgent and unrepeatable acts are used to secure and take evidence that risks being thwarted, destroyed or lost, or evidence that cannot be taken in court proceedings. The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the conditions under which these, by their nature exceptional, acts of criminal proceedings can be performed and to analyze the consequences of non-compliance with these conditions. To this end, the first chapter described the structure of criminal proceedings with a focus on the structure of preparatory proceedings and analyzed the definition of urgent and unrepeatable acts, provided some typical examples and an analysis of the problematic definition of urgency. In the second chapter, in addition to the general conditions of evidence, the formal and material conditions for performing urgent and unrepeatable acts were analyzed, including the question of whether some additional conditions imposed on...
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Urgent and unrepeatable acts in pre-trial proceedings
Cuperová, Katarína ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
1 Abstract Urgent and unrepeatable acts are an integral part of criminal proceedings and it would be difficult for law enforcement authorities to detect perpetrators of criminal offenses without them. Despite their characteristic of denying fundamental human rights, their implementation is in some cases essential for finding the material truth. This contradiction between the state's effort to maintain security on the one hand and the individual's right to a fair trial on the other poses a risk of possible misconduct for the entire criminal proceedings. The aim of this work was to point out that their implementation has a significant impact on the overall outcome of criminal proceedings considering their changing probative value, or even their absolute ineffectiveness. The individual acts were gradually incorporated into the Criminal Procedure Code from the most general legal boundaries to their present form. However, even today, it cannot be said with certainty that their legal regulation corresponds to the current needs. An analysis of the case law of individual urgent and / or unrepeatable acts shows that their completion by courts is necessary. From the available analysis, the following factors were found to affect the probative value: (i) insufficient reasoning of urgency or non-repeatability, but also...
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Urgent and Unrepeatable Acts
Zákravská, Jana ; Heranová, Simona (advisor) ; Pelc, Vladimír (referee)
Thesis title: Urgent and unrepeatable acts Abstract Urgent and unrepeatable acts are procedural acts of criminal proceedings that have two opposite aspects. On the one hand, there is an interest in combating crime, and an urgent or unrepeatable act can help law enforcement authorities to obtain evidence that might not be possible to prove at later stages of the criminal proceedings (whether after the prosecution or the proceedings before court), if the law enforcement authorities did not intervene without undue delay. On the other hand, the urgent and unrepeatable acts could be a significant interference with the rights of the defense, especially in cases where they are carried out before the prosecution begins. This is why there are special provision on the requirements for urgent or unrepeatable acts in the Criminal Procedure Code. The aim of the thesis was to analyze selected questions within the topic of urgent and unrepeatable acts, which are currently discussed mainly due to their insufficient legal regulation, and to propose de lege ferenda solution, if possible. These sub-themes included: (i) the requirements of the urgent and unrepeatable acts, in particular with regards to the misconduct of law enforcement authorities in meeting the requirement of proper justification of the urgency and...
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The initiation of ciriminal prosecution and actions realised before initiation of criminal prosecution
Tomeš, Jan ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The initiation of criminal prosecution The reason for my thesis, is to analyse the procedure of initiation of criminal prosecution and acts of preliminary hearing that are connected to it. The stress will be put on problematic details of current legislation and conceptions created during the procedure of recodification of criminal procedure in the Czech republic.The thesis is divided into seven chapters, which analyse the initiation of criminal prosecution from different points of view and as a result describe the initiation of criminal prosecution as one of the most important proceduralal acts of whole criminal procedure. The firs chapter is focused on historical development of the initiation of criminal prosecution between years 1962 - 20116, especially its form, organization and systhematical position. Following chapter desribes and analyses preceeding of urgent and non reproductible tasks placed in section 158a of criminal code as an exception from usual procedure of collecting pieces of evidence in criminal procedure and its relationship to the initiation of criminal prosecution with using the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Chapter three desribes general principles of the initiation of criminal prosecution in relation to definition of legal term act which the person is accused...
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